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SUPER SCENIC BEAUTY OF KANCHANJANGHA FROM UPPER PELLING

SUPER SCENIC BEAUTY OF KANCHANJANGHA FROM UPPER PELLING

THE SECOND HIGHEST MOUNTAIN OF WORLD KANCHANJANGHA FULL RANGE WHICH I SAW FROM UPPER PELLING AT FAR DISTANCE OF HOTEL BHAICHUNG OF WEST SIKIM.

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A TOUR OF GANGTOK ORIGINAL PHOTO IN THE STATE OF SIKIM

 Gangtok Town

 Ice Hill Of Sikim

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The Sundarbans (Bengali: সুন্দরবন, Shundorbôn) is the largest single block of tidal halophyticmangrove forest in the world.[1] The name Sundarban can be literally translated as "beautiful jungle" or "beautiful forest" in the Bengali language (Shundor, "beautiful" and bon, "forest" or "jungle"). The name may have been derived from the Sundari trees that are found in Sundarbans in large numbers. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the name is a corruption of Samudraban (Bengali: সমুদ্রবন Shomudrobôn "Sea Forest") or Chandra-bandhe(name of a primitive tribe).

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A MEMORABLE TOUR OF SUNDARBAN THAT IS A HERRITAGE PLACE

Sundarban Near Bay of Bengal

The Sundarbans (Bengali: সুন্দরবন, Shundorbôn) is the largest single block of tidal halophyticmangrove forest in the world.^[1] The name Sundarban can be literally translated as "beautiful jungle" or "beautiful forest" in the Bengali language (Shundor, "beautiful" and bon, "forest" or "jungle"). The name may have been derived from the Sundari trees that are found in Sundarbans in large numbers. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the name is a corruption of Samudraban (Bengali: সমুদ্রবন Shomudrobôn "Sea Forest") or Chandra-bandhe(name of a primitive tribe). But the generally accepted view is the one associated withSundari trees.^[1]

The Sundarban forest lies in the vast delta on the Bay of Bengal formed by the super confluence of the Padma, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers across Saiyan southernBangladesh. The seasonally-flooded Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests lie inland from the mangrove forests on the coastal fringe. The forest covers 10,000 sq.km. of which about 6,000 are in Bangladesh.^[2] It became inscribed as a UNESCO world heritage site in 1997. The Sundarbans is estimated to be about 4,110 km², of which about 1,700 km² is occupied by waterbodies in the forms of river, canals and creeks of width varying from a few meters to several kilometers.

The Sundarbans is intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats and smallislands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests. The interconnected network of waterways makes almost every corner of the forest accessible by boat. The area is known for the eponymousRoyal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris), as well as numerous fauna including species ofbirds, spotted deer, crocodiles and snakes. The fertile soils of the delta have been subject to intensive human use for centuries, and the ecoregion has been mostly converted to intensive agriculture, with few enclaves of forest remaining. The remaining forests, taken together with the Sundarbans mangroves, are important habitat for the endangered tiger. Additionally, the Sundarbans serves a crucial function as a protective barrier for the millions of inhabitants in and around Khulna and Mongla against the floods that result from the cyclones. The Sundarbans has also been enlisted among the finalists in the New7Wonders of Nature.

  

The Map Of  Sundarban 

The mangrove-dominated Ganges Delta – the Sundarbans – is a complex ecosystem comprising one of the three largest single tracts of mangrove forests of the world. Situated mostly inBangladesh, a small portion of it lies in India. The Indian part of the forest is estimated to be about 19%, while the Bangladeshi part is 81%. To the south the forest meets the Bay of Bengal; to the east it is bordered by the Baleswar River and to the north there is a sharp interface with intensively cultivated land. The natural drainage in the upstream areas, other than the main river channels, is everywhere impeded by extensive embankments and polders. The Sundarbans was originally measured (about 200 years ago) to be of about 16,700 km². Now it has dwindled into about 1/3 of the original size. The total land area today is 4,143 km² (including exposed sandbars: 42 km²) and the remaining water area of 1,874 km² encompasses rivers, small streams and canals. Rivers in the Sundarbans are meeting places of salt water and freshwater. Thus, it is a region of transition between the freshwater of the rivers originating from the Ganges and the saline water of the Bay of Bengal (Wahid et al., 2002).

The Sundarbans along the Bay of Bengal has evolved over the millennia through natural deposition of upstream sediments accompanied by intertidal segregation. The physiography is dominated by deltaic formations that include innumerable drainage lines associated with surface and subaqueous levees, splays and tidal flats. There are also marginal marshes above mean tide level, tidal sandbars and islands with their networks of tidal channels, subaqueous distal bars and proto-delta clays and silt sediments. The Sundarbans' floor varies from 0.9 m to 2.11 m above sea level.^[8]

Biotic factors here play a significant role in physical coastal evolution, and for wildlife a variety of habitats have developed which include beaches, estuaries, permanent and semi-permanent swamps, tidal flats, tidal creeks, coastal dunes, back dunes and levees. The mangrove vegetation itself assists in the formation of new landmass and the intertidal vegetation plays a significant role in swamp morphology. The activities of mangrove fauna in the intertidal mudflats develop micromorphological features that trap and hold sediments to create a substratum for mangrove seeds. The morphology and evolution of the eolian dunes is controlled by an abundance of xerophytic andhalophytic plants. Creepers, grasses and sedges stabilize sand dunes and uncompacted sediments. The Sunderbans mudflats (Banerjee, 1998) are found at the estuary and on the deltaic islands where low velocity of river and tidal current occurs. The flats are exposed in low tides and submerged in high tides, thus being changed morphologically even in one tidal cycle. The interior parts of the mudflats are magnificent home of luxuriant mangroves.

A FAMOUS BENGALI CHARACTER THE TIGER OF BENGAL REMEMBER THIS PERSON

For the writer, see Ashutosh Mukherjee (writer).

Ashutosh Mukherjee
Born	29 June 1864 Kolkata, British India
Died	May 25, 1924 (aged 59) Patna,British India
Occupation	educator and the first Indian Vice Chancellor of the University of Calcutta
Nationality	Indian
Ethnicity	Bengali
Alma mater	University of Calcutta
Genres	academic, educator
Literary movement	Bengal Renaissance
Notable award(s)	Order of the Indian Empire
Children	Syama Prasad Mookerjee

VARIOUS BEAUTIFUL BIRDS IN THE WORLD.

BEST WISHES FOR NEW YEAR

Ashutosh

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